Frostbite

Frostbite is the freezing of tissue. The toes are susceptible to frostbite in times of cold weather. Skin that has sustained frostbite is cold, hard, and waxy. The area may be numb or experience aching pain. Severe cases of frostbite can cause blisters, gangrene, or damage to tissue deeper than the skin such as tendons and muscles.

If frostbite occurs, it must be handled with care to prevent further tissue damage. If frostbite is suspected, the person should enter a warm environment and remove all wet clothing. Parts that appear to be damaged should be immersed in warm water. The water should not be hot. If there are blisters present, they should be left undisturbed.

The person should dress in clean, dry clothing and seek immediate medical attention. If the feet are affected, the person should try to avoid putting much weight on that foot. The person can apply warm compresses until medical attention is obtained. Heating pads should not be used. Movement of the affected area should be limited.

The person should not rub the affected area. There is a old wives tale that suggests the application of snow to frostbite. This is potentially dangerous and can result in further damage. Any areas that have been affected by frostbite should be protected from refreezing while medical attention is sought. The area should be kept covered with warm blankets. Further exposure to cold should be limited as much as possible.

The person should not smoke or consume alcohol while recovering from frostbite. Smoking and alcohol consumption restrict circulation. Good circulation is extremely important for healing from frostbite to occur.

To prevent frostbite, exposure to cold and snow should be limited. If clothing becomes wet while the person is outdoors in winter, they should change into dry clothing immediately. If someone must be outdoors in winter conditions, they should wear many layers of clothing including two socks on each foot.